Rust by Example中文

19.2 Testing

Functions can be tested by using these attributes:

• #[test] marks a function as a unit test. The function must take zero parameters and return nothing.
• #[should_panic] marks a function as a panicking test.

// unit_test.rs
// Conditionally compile `main` only when the test-suite is *not* being run.
#[cfg(not(test))]
fn main() {
    println!("If you see this, the tests were not compiled nor ran!");
}

// Conditionally compile the module `test` only when the test-suite is run.
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    // A helper function `distance_test` will need.
    fn distance(a: (f32, f32), b: (f32, f32)) -> f32 {
        (
            (b.0 - a.0).powi(2) +
            (b.1 - a.1).powi(2)
        ).sqrt()
    }

    #[test]
    fn distance_test() {
        assert!(distance((0f32, 0f32), (1f32, 1f32)) == (2f32).sqrt());
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn failing_test() {
        assert!(1i32 == 2i32);
    }
}

Tests can be run with cargo test or rustc --test.

$ rustc --test unit_test.rs
$ ./unit_test 

running 2 tests
test test::distance_test ... ok
test test::failing_test ... ok

test result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured

If --test were not included, then this would happen

$ rustc unit_test.rs
$ ./unit_test
If you see this, the tests were not compiled nor ran!

See also:

attributes, conditional compilation, and mod.